Combination antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is associated with successful viral load reduction, CD4 increase, and lack of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.
Despite marked differences in antepartum human immunodeficiency virus screening practices between hospital-based and private practices, voluntary newborn human immunodeficiency virus screening had no additional impact because of aggressive antepartum screening in the former and low rates of infection in the latter.
Antibodies against capsid antigens of human papillomavirus type 16 are associated with indicators of sexual activity in a large cohort of pregnant women.
Obstetrician-gynecologists have high incomes and good career satisfaction compared with other women physicians and spend less time on nongynecologic prevention counseling and domestic activities.
Female physicians use contraception differently than do women in the general population, in ways consistent with delaying and reducing total fertility.
Most physicians underestimate the effectiveness of natural family planning, and half do not include it among family planning options discussed with their patients.
Emergency cesarean, vacuum extraction, or intervention in the third stage of labor during first deliveries leads to fear about subsequent deliveries.
Acute pyelonephritis after 24 weeks' gestation has similar outcomes whether treated on an outpatient or inpatient basis, although outpatient therapy is less likely to be applicable.
Clinical markers of collagen weakness such as striae, hernia, joint hypermobility, and varicose veins do not predict postpartum incontinence.
Uterine perfusion undergoes hemodynamic adaptations during the menstrual cycle that are unique compared with the systemic circulation.
A vaginal pH exceeding 6.0 correlates significantly with high levels of parabasal cells from the midvagina.
In women with high body mass indices, operative laparoscopy is associated with an increased chance of procedure conversion to laparotomy but is otherwise safe and feasible.
Gynecologists and nongynecologists are equally capable of locating cervical dysplasia, but nongynecologists use two to three times more pathology resources, specimens, and attendant interpretations.
Black women with endometrial cancer have worse outcomes than do white women, even after controlling for clinicopathologic factors and socioeconomic status.
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States, with increased risk of death with age and among black women.
Water aerobics and static immersion were equally effective in reducing edema.
The incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy is lower than has been described previously.
Gravidas undergoing a trial of labor after cesarean delivery with a prior low vertical uterine incision are not at increased risk for uterine rupture compared with women with a prior low transverse uterine incision.
The maternal glucose level is independently associated with mean birth weight and the risk of large for gestational age and small for gestational age births in Hispanic women.
Hispanic women in the United States have higher pregnancy-related mortality ratios than non-Hispanic white women but lower ratios than black women.
Fetal skin development is independent of most genetic and environmental disturbances, and histologic examination can reveal gestational age by the morphologic patterns of skin appendages.
Adverse outcomes in post-term pregnancies are due partly to an increased rate of small for gestational age births.
The likelihood of trisomy 21 being associated with an atrioventricular septal defect is stronger if the cardiac lesion is isolated than if there are other associated cardiac defects.
Low amniotic fluid index correlates with the degree of elevation in cord blood erythropoietin levels in small for gestational age fetuses but not in appropriate for gestational age fetuses.
Hydramnios during the third trimester in women who do not have diabetes indicates an increased risk of perinatal mortality and fetal structural abnormalities.
An immunochemiluminomimetric assay demonstrated log10 Gaussian insulin concentrations in 14–20 week amniotic fluid at greater than eight-fold the assay detection limit and stability for 70 days.
Uterine tone is an important predictor of successful external cephalic version.
Intraoperative and postoperative sampling of the uterine cavity might help diagnose postcesarean endometritis.
Colonoscopic release of the incarcerated gravid uterus is a less invasive procedure for the patient refractory to reduction by conventional methods than surgical intervention.
To prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, the United States should adopt universal human immunodeficiency virus testing with patient notification as a routine component of prenatal care.
The optimal mode of delivery for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus is not yet known.
Extrauterine pregnancy might result from early rupture of a cesarean scar.
Pregnant women who had childhood surgery for vesicoureteral reflux might have severe early onset preeclampsia caused by bilateral ureteral obstruction that might be reversed by stenting.
A uterine rupture and associated vesicouterine fistula were diagnosed in a multiparous woman at 26 weeks' gestation.
Suspected maternal encephalitis requires immediate antiviral and antibiotic treatment, and polymerase chain reaction can detect herpes simplex virus infections in pregnant women and fetuses.
Maternal corticosteroid therapy should be considered when an enlarging fetal hepatic hemangioma is detected antenatally.
Lateral nasal proboscis can be diagnosed antenatally and is not associated with intracranial malformations.
Maternal immunization to glycoprotein IB/IX secondary to Bernard-Soulier syndrome caused severe fetal thrombocytopenia and intracranial bleeding.
Acute fetoplacental transfusion is a serious intrapartum complication of second twins in monochorionic pregnancies.
Moyamoya disease might present as cerebral infarction after cesarean.
Wedge resection of the uterine wall might help preserve reproductive function in placenta increta.
The Argon beam coagulator might be a useful adjuvant in the treatment of placenta accreta.
Sonographic diagnosis and embolization therapy of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm prevented complications of pregnancy-related rupture.
Abdominal compartment syndrome is rare but can be diagnosed early and treated.
An angiomyofibroblastoma can occur in the fallopian tube.
A case of fallopian tube carcinoma presented 34 years after hysterectomy with a positive Papanicolaou smear.
Ovarian cancer can present with dermatomyositis, related symptoms of which improve after resection and chemotherapy.
Tocolytics for preterm labor prolong pregnancy but do not improve perinatal or neonatal outcomes.
A 10-mg, controlled-release dinoprostone vaginal insert is less effective than other prostaglandin preparations for cervical ripening and labor induction.
Routine cystoscopy during major gynecologic surgery allows identification of most unsuspected lower urinary tract injuries, permitting management during the primary surgery.
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