Standardization for case mix can facilitate fairer comparisons of cesarean rates by distinguishing differences resulting from case mix from those relating to differences in practice.
Increased insulin sensitivity in pregnancy leads to decreased glucose substrates for the fetus.
Women with polycystic ovaries constitute a risk group that requires screening for gestational diabetes mellitus.
In singleton gestations following superovulation, maternal serum relaxin concentrations are elevated throughout the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Risk-factor-based protocols hold some promise to reduce group B streptococcal disease, but clinical strategies to promote protocol adherence are needed.
Levofloxacin gives more clinical cures and more frequent eradication of Escherichia coli than does placebo in a rabbit model of puerperal infection.
The cervix shortens more rapidly between 15 and 24 weeks' gestation in women who develop ultrasound findings consistent with cervical incompetence compared with those who do not.
Patients presenting at community hospitals for preterm contractions often are over-treated when not in true labor and not given appropriate therapy when progressing in labor.
In women who present with preterm contractions, two factors — ruptured membranes and cervical effacement of 80% or more — predict delivery within 7 days.
Elective induction of labor does not increase the rate of cesarean delivery, except in the presence of certain risk factors, and does not increase neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Black race, teen age, unmarried status, and poor education strongly predict preterm birth in twins, but mainly before 34 weeks' gestation.
Despite most recent suggestions to the contrary, growth-restricted fetuses from term uncomplicated pregnancies are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity.
Elevated fetal erythropoietin levels in prolonged pregnancies may indicate decreased oxygen supply to the fetus.
Second-trimester amniocentesis probably is not associated with an increased fetal loss rate.
Fetal heart rate may be useful in predicting chromosomal abnormalities not usually detected by nuchal translucency, improving the accuracy in detecting fetal trisomies at 10-13 weeks' gestation.
Amniotic fluid compliment C3 is clinically useful as a rapid marker of intra-amniotic infection and compares favorably with currently available rapid markers.
Isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum from the amniotic cavity in preterm labor is associated with impending preterm delivery and adverse perinatal outcome.
Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women are more likely to have invasive cervical cancer than virus-negative women.
The combination of p53 overexpression and Ki-67 indices are the best predictors of outcome in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Early postoperative feeding in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery is safe and well-tolerated.
Thermal balloon therapy and rollerball ablation are equally effective in treating menorrhagia, as reflected by similar postprocedural diary scores and high patient satisfaction rates.
Experimental tumor growth is greater with laparotomy than with laparoscopy, but pneumoperitoneum seems to increase intraperitoneal dissemination.
There is good correlation between bimanual and ultrasound examination findings in estimating the size of leiomyomatous uteri prior to hysterectomy.
The risk of urinary tract injury was higher following laparoscopic hysterectomy than after other hysterectomies from 1990 through 1995 in Finland.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma, in which more than 25% of neoplastic cells show notable nuclear atypia, should be categorized as grade 3 tumor.
Intesive follow-up of patients after loop electrosurgical excision enables diagnosis of 95% of treatment failures within 2 years.
Compliance with universal precautions is low, and even when the health care workers are compliant, the failure rate of their protective equipment is unacceptably high.
Maternal oral hydration increases fetal renal pelvis diameter and amniotic fluid volume in normal subjects and those with pyelectasis.
A simple restructuring of laparoscopy equipment via an internal equipment handling review can lead to sterilization and maintenance cost savings.
The Gupta-Frank clamp can be used for salpingo-oophorectomy at the time of vaginal hysterectomy.
Comprehensive and uniform training in operative endoscopy is an important and affordable part of resident education.
A positive cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin test identifies women at high risk for preterm delivery.
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