Bone density measurements, in combination with osteoporosis education material, are more effective in encouraging postmenopausal women to take hormone replacement therapy than education materials only.
Unopposed estrogen produces divergent effects on hemostatic and lipid indices; several changes appear to decrease atherosclerotic potential and hypercoagulability, whereas others may adversely promote coagulation.
Estrogen replacement therapy does not affect cardiac structure or function in normal postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of oral versus sublingual adminstration of micronized 17-estradiol show the latter yields a high initial level of estradiol, which quickly falls over 6 hours.
There is an increased incidence of genital warts among women smokers who are either HIV positive or HIV negative.
Continuous biologic phenomena are sometimes mischaracterized as categoric data in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Systematic differences in levels of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and estriol between white, black, Asian, and Hispanic gravidas suggest the need for separate data bases for accurate biochemical screening.
Second-trimester maternal serum CA-125 levels distinguish Down syndrome from euploid pregnancies and may be superior to estriol in the multiple-marker screening test.
If the placenta extends 15 mm or more over the internal cervical os at 12-16 weeks, the risk of placenta previa at delivery is 5.1%.
Twin pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive techniques are assiciated with an increased incidence of discordant or low birth weight.
In suspected intrapartum fetal acidosis, a redefinition of reactivity after scalp stimulation test and assessment of variability decreases the need for fetal scalp pH blood sampling.
In nonobese women, body mass index is a reasonable estimate of percent body fat, both before and during pregnancy.
Peak expiratory flow does not change during pregnancy and may be used in the evaluation of pregnant women with asthma.
Compared with oxytocin, misoprostol results in a shorter induction-delivery interval, a decreased rate of cesarean for dystocia, and lower hospital charges.
Oral adminstration of misoprostol is effective as a method of labor induction and has no adverse maternal or fetal side effects.
The expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells in vitro can be stimulated by 17-estradiol and prostaglandin E2 but not by progesterone.
Plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and small, dense low density lipoproteins are significantly increased in preeclampsia.
Necrotizing fascitis following cesarean delivery is uncommon but is associated with major morbidity and mortality.
Peripartum stroke and intracranial venous thrombosis are relatively common and are assiciated differentially with cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, hospital ownership, and hospital size.
After large-loop excision of the transformation zone for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III, histologic evidence of complete excision is predictive of treatment success.
Fecal incontinence is frequent in women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse
A useful diagnostic formula for sonographic tumor differentiation is obtained in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and provides an accurate differentiation between benign and malignant adnexal tumors.
Fetal spinal anotomy on three-dimensional images may localize spinal lesions more accurately than two-dimensional images.
In dichorionic twin pregnancies, the lambda sign disappears by 20 weeks in 26% of cases with separate placentas and in 7% of those with fused placentas.
Umbilical cord cysts in early pregnancy are associated with a high risk of fetal abnormality.
The illiac angle of second-trimester fetuses with Down syndrome is larger than that of normal fetuses.
Teenagers are at increased risk for poor pregnancy outcomes, and the increase in fetal and infant mortality is substantially related to poorer socioeconomic conditions.
Endovaginal ultrasound provides good images of the cervical region and does not increase maternal infection in gravidas with preterm premature rupture of membranes.
Technetium-99m injected into the moneky amniotic cavity is absorbed rapidly into the fetal circulation despite fetal esophageal ligation, suggesting the presence of intramembranous absorption.
Sacrospinous ligament suspension and endopelvic fascia fixation are effective in managing vaginal vault prolapse.
Percutaneous suprapubic teloscopy is a minimally invasive technique to establish bladder and ureteral integrity at the time of laparoscopic surgery.
A new ligature carrier is designed specifically for sacrospinous colpopexy.
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