In breast-feeding women, the median duration of lochia is 27 days, and many women may have bleeding in the first 8 weeks not representing the return of menses.
It is not likely that vaginal bleeding or spotting experienced between 6 and 8 weeks postpartum in fully breast-feeding women represents a return to fertility.
The "U" technique for Norplant removal requires less time and results in fewer broken implants than the standard technique and may be an improvement.
A comparison of learning curves and competency for Norplant removal techniques indicates that the "U" removal technique is learned more quickly than the standard technique.
Extending the number of consecutive days of active pills in oral contraceptive users with menstrual-related problems is both efficacious and well tolerated.
Clinical and laboratory findings do not reliably predict tubal patency, adnexal adhesions, or peritoneal exudate in women with laparoscopically confirmed acute salpingitis.
The rate of inborn infants of very low birth weight is the strongest determinant of the variation in hospital perinatal mortality rates.
Adult males should be included in adolescent pregnancy-prevention programs to help reduce teenage births.
Low pregravid body mass index is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery among black and white, but not Hispanic, women
Gravidas who are obese before conception are at increased risk for cesarean delivery.
Uncomplicated repeat cesarean deliveries and cesarean deliveries for non-progressive labor, performed under regional anesthesia, may not need a pediatrician in attendance.
Severe fetal growth restriction, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, hypertension, smoking, advanced maternal age, unmarried status, and male fetal gender are significant etiologic determinants of abruptio placentae.
The sensitivity of sonographic screening to detect fetal cardiac anomalies varies with the type of lesion.
In utero cerebral lateral ventricular asymmetry may be considered a normal variant if detailed brain sonographic examination rules out underlying pathology.
Changes in tertiary-stem villi vessel wall thickness with advancing gestational duration correlate with umbilical artery Doppler flow studies.
In small-for-gestational-age fetuses, blood concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide are increased when blood-flow velocity waveforms in the inferior vena cava are abnormal.
Invasive prenatal diagnosis should be considered in twin gestations at a maternal age of 31 years at estimated date of confinement.
Arterial and venous blood flow signals from the intervillous space during the first trimester in normal and abnormal pregnancy indicate a close link between embryonic and maternal circulations.
Pregnant diabetic women have significantly higher group B streptococcus colonization rates than normal pregnant women.
Measurement of hCG levels in vaginal fluid is useful in the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes.
Histologic examination of the placenta in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes identifies four groups that have different clinical characteristics and outcomes.
The Rhesus antigen blood group and Kell blood group are the leading causes of alloimmunization in the Central New York female population.
The bioavailability of 8-mg of oral dexamethasone during the third trimester of pregnancy is similar to that of a 6-mg intramuscular dose.
Following accepted guidelines for vacuum extraction, the duration of the procedure and of the second stage are good predictors of cosmetic neonatal scalp trauma.
Intra-arterial infusion of cisplatin and intravenous infusion of 254-S may be appropriate for cervical cancer.
Tissue interleukin-1ß and tumor necrosis factor- levels are elevated in vulvar vestibulitis and vary significantly according to anatomic site.
The therapeutic effects of topical testosterone include significantly increased serum levels of testosterone and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism.
Directed collection and storage of cord blood at delivery for possible future autologous use is expensive and the indications are questionable.
Laparoscopy-assisted vaginal hysterectomy has a shorter hospital stay, less analgesia use, and a speedier recovery than abdominal hysterectomy but results in more bladder injuries and longer operative time.
The anterior vagina consists of epithelium, muscularis, and adventitia, not "fascia"; anterior colporrhaphy pulls vaginal layers to the midline, whereas paravaginal repair attaches them laterally.
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