Articles:

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection and drug use on birth characteristics

Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and drug misuse are independently associated with small reductions in standardized birth weight, but only injection drug use is associated with early delivery.

FD Johnstone, GM Raab, BA Hamilton
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 321-326. [Abstract] [PDF]  

The effects of maternal position and cardiac output on intrapulmonary shunt in normal third-trimester pregnancy

Pregnancy predisposes women to an increase in intrapulmonary shunt.

GD Hankins, CJ Harvey, SL Clark, EM Uckan, JW Van Hook
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 327-330. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Dose ranging study of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban in the treatment of preterm labor. Atosiban Study Group

The effect of atosiban on uterine activity in preterm labor is enhanced by bolus infusion and is similar to ritrodrine.

TM Goodwin, GJ Valenzuela, H Silver, G Creasy
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 331-336. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Unexplained elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and pregnancy outcome in twins

Unexplained elevated MSAFP levels identify those twin pregnancies at increased risk of preterm delivery but not other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

S Hong, G Berkowitz, W Wang, J Stone, E Ainbender
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 337-342. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Nasogastric enteral feeding in the management of hyperemesis gravidarum

Women with intractable nausea and vomiting during early pregnancy can be managed safely with nasogastric tube feedings, avoiding the complications and expense of total parenteral nutrition.

JJ Hsu, R Clark-Glena, DK Nelson, CH Kim
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 343-346. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Third-trimester arterial blood gas and acid base values in normal pregnancy at moderate altitude

Maternal position has no appreciable effect on arterial blood gas or acid base values in normal third-trimester pregnant women living at moderate altitude.

GD Hankins, SL Clark, CJ Harvey, EM Uckan, D Cotton, JW Van Hook
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 347-350. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Latent labor with an unknown uterine scar

Augmentation of nonprogressive latent labor in women with unknown uterine scars does not increase the cesarean rate but does increase the rate of scar separation.

DK Grubb, SL Kjos, RH Paul
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 351-355. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Preterm delivery and perinatal death among black and white infants in a Chicago-area perinatal registry

Black infants born before term and after premature rupture of membranes appear to have a survival advantage compared with their white counterparts.

LA Schieve, A Handler
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 356-363. [Abstract] [PDF]  

The nonreactive nonstress test: predictive value for neonatal anemia in the isoimmunized pregnancy

A nonreactive NST has a 77.8% positive predictive value in predicting subsequent neonatal transfusion in patients with isoimmunized pregnancies.

JG Ouzounian, OM Alsulyman, HA Monteiro, GS Songster
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 364-367. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Hyperechogenic fetal bowel and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein: a poor fetal prognosis

Second-trimester hyperechogenic bowel with elevated serum AFP is ominous.

R Achiron, DS Seidman, A Horowitz, S Mashiach, B Goldman, S Lipitz
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 368-371. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Three-dimensional ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal head and spine anomalies

Three-dimensional ultrasound facilitates the diagnosis and delineation of facial and CNS anomalies.

GM Mueller, CP Weiner, J Yankowitz
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 372-378. [Abstract] [PDF]  

A prospective study of the association between isolated fetal pyelectasis and chromosomal abnormality

Isolated fetal pyelectasis is associated with an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities.

EA Wickstrom, M Thangavelu, BV Parilla, RK Tamura, RE Sabbagha
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 379-382. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Acetic acid visualization of the cervix: an alternative to cytologic screening

Naked-eye visualization of the cervix after application of acetic acid may be an alternative to cytologic screening in regions with limited resources.

E Megevand, L Denny, K Dehaeck, R Soeters, B Bloch
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 383-386. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Ovarian cancer incidence (1989-1991) and mortality (1954-1993) in The Netherlands

Trends in ovarian cancer mortality (increase in the elderly and decrease in younger age groups) are related to changes in parity and OC use.

NP Koper, LA Kiemeney, LF Massuger, CM Thomas, CP Schijf, AL Verbeek
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 387-393. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Prognostic significance of gross myometrial invasion with endometrial cancer

Intraoperative estimation of gross depth of myometrial invasion identifies patients at high risk for pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases and advanced surgical stage.

DM Larson, GP Connor, SK Broste, BR Krawisz, KK Johnson
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 394-398. [Abstract] [PDF]  

A randomized controlled trial of postoperative nasogastric tube decompression in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing intra-abdominal surgery

Postoperative nasogastric tube decompression does not provide any substantial benefit, increases patient discomfort, and should be reserved for highly selected circumstances.

ML Pearl, FA Valea, M Fischer, E Chalas
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 399-402. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Tumor markers and transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrioma

CA 19.9 does not improve the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography, either alone or in combination with CA 125, in the diagnosis of endometrioma.

S Guerriero, S Ajossa, AM Paoletti, V Mais, M Angiolucci, GB Melis
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 403-407. [Abstract] [PDF]  

The effect of knot geometry on the strength of laparoscopic slip knots

There is wide variation in the strength of different knot geometries in laparoscopic slip knots, but the 4S and fisherman's knots are as strong as multiple-throw laparoscopic square knots.

HT Sharp, JH Dorsey, JD Chovan, PM Holtz
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 408-411. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Abortion at 18-22 weeks by laminaria dilation and evacuation

Laminaria D&E is a safe method for late second-trimester abortion.

D Schneider, R Halperin, R Langer, E Caspi, I Bukovsky
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 412-414. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Relative morbidity of abdominal hysterectomy and myomectomy for management of uterine leiomyomas

Myomectomy and hysterectomy cause similar morbidity in the surgical management of uterine leiomyomas.

Iverson RE, Jr, D Chelmow, K Strohbehn, L Waldman, EG Evantash
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 415-419. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and interleukin-6 levels in patients with severe preeclampsia

Soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75 as well as interleukin-6 are increased in the plasma of patients with severe preeclampsia.

MJ Kupferminc, AM Peaceman, D Aderka, D Wallach, ML Socol
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 420-427. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Cost analysis of shared oocyte in vitro fertilization

The cost analysis of a shared oocyte IVF program shows it to be a very cost-effective program.

BD Peskin, C Austin, H Lisbona, JM Goldfarb
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 428-430. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Continuous and cyclical clodronate therapies and bone density in postmenopausal bone loss

Clodronate is effective in treating postmenopausal bone loss and cyclical therapy induces a more pronounced gain in bone density at the spinal level than at the femoral level.

S Giannini, A D'Angelo, L Sartori, G Passeri, L Dalle Carbonare, G Crepaldi
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 431-436. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population-based sample of midlife women

Hot-flush reporting is greatest 3 months or more after the final menstrual period and is associated with increasing FSH, decreasing E2, and prior premenstrual complaints.

Guthrie, JR, L Dennerstein, JL Hopper, HG Burger
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 437-442. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Access to physicians, obstetric care use, and adequacy of prenatal care for Medicaid patients in Maine: 1985-1989

Physician availability is not associated with adequacy of care.

RD Deprez, MS Agger, LB McQuinn
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 443-450. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Uterine allergy: a cause of preterm birth?

An eosinophilic gradient toward the amniotic cavity is present in nearly a fifth of cases of preterm delivery, is uniquely fetal in origin, and is associated predominantly with acute intrauterine inflammation.

CM Salafia, A Ghidini, VK Minior
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 451-454. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Differences between office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement during pregnancy

Ambulatory measurements indicate different patterns of BP change throughout pregnancy.

D Churchill, DG Beevers
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 455-461. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Development of spontaneous endometriosis in baboons

Endometriosis develops spontaneously in over half of female baboons.

TM D'Hooghe, CS Bambra, BM Raeymaekers, PR Koninckx
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 462-466. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Anterior vaginotomy: abdominal delivery without a uterine incision

Anterior vaginotomy should be coded so that follow-up of this potentially useful procedure is possible.

RC Goodlin
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 467-469. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Protecting the pelvic floor: obstetric management to prevent incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse

Childbirth can damage the muscles, nerves, and connective tissue of the pelvic floor, increasing the risk of incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

VL Handa, TA Harris, DR Ostergard
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 470-478. [Abstract] [PDF]  

The alphabet of academic medicine

An alphabet of academic medicine provides guidelines for young faculty members.

SG Gabbe
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 479-481. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Commentary:

The effect of capitated and fee-for-service remuneration on physician decision making in gynecology

DB Redwine
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 482. [PDF]  

SUPPLEMENT

Articles:

Improving Contraceptive Use in the U.S.: Assessing Past Efforts and Setting New Directions. Conference proceedings. Bethesda, Maryland, October 1995

Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 1S-77S.  

Improving the use of contraceptives: the challenge continues

SF Delbanco
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 1S-3S. [PDF]  

Compliance with contraceptives and other treatments

Inadequate compliance with treatment regimens is pervasive in society and is not unique to contraceptive users.

JA Cramer
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 4S-12S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

How effective are contraceptives? The determination and measurement of pregnancy rates

This article presents an overview of contraceptive effectiveness--its definition, determinants, and measurement--using combined OC's as a case study.

LS Potter
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 13S-23S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Measuring contraceptive effectiveness: a conceptual framework

How well a contraceptive method works can be outlined in a conceptual model.

M Steiner, R Dominik, J Trussell, I Hertz-Picciott
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 24S-30S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Physician-patient interaction in reproductive counseling

Scientifically derived, empirically validated interview skills improve patient education and counseling.

M Lipkin, Jr
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 31S-40S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Through the patient's eyes: strategies toward more successful contraception

We review patients' perspectives on the redesign of care and suggest practical strategies to involve patients in their own care to improve contraceptive use.

TL Delbanco, J Daley
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 41S-47S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Adolescents and the contraceptive pill: the impact of beliefs on intentions and use

Contraceptive beliefs held by adolescent females significantly influence their initial intentions toward and subsequent use of OCs during the following 12 months.

PJ Moore, NE Adler, SM Kegeles
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 48S-56S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Adolescent contraceptive behavior: the impact of the provider and the structure of clinic-based programs

The effectiveness of adolescent-based clinic programs is mixed.

J Jaccard
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 57S-64S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Factors affecting the consistent use of barrier methods of contraception

correct and consistent use of barrier contraceptive methods is determined by the complex interaction of method characteristics, user characteristics, and the situational context.

LJ Beckman, SM Harvey
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 65S-71S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

Literacy and contraception: exploring the link

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about contraceptive use are likely related to functional health literacy skills.

RM Parker, MV Williams, DW Baker, Nurss, JR
Obstet Gynecol 1996 88: 72S-77S. [Abstract] [PDF]  

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