Obstetrics & Gynecology Track the topics, authors and articles important to you
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Obstetrics & Gynecology 1999;94:66-70
© 1999 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by BROWN, J. S.
Right arrow Articles by POSNER, S. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by BROWN, J. S.
Right arrow Articles by POSNER, S. F.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Associated Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women

JEANETTE S. BROWN, MD, DEBORAH GRADY, MD, JOSEPH G. OUSLANDER, MD, A. REGULA HERZOG, PhD, R. EDWARD VARNER, MD and SAMUEL F. POSNER, PhD FOR THE HEART ESTROGEN/PROGESTIN REPLACEMENT STUDY (HERS) RESEARCH GROUP

From the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California; University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Address reprint requests to: Jeanette S. Brown, MD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF/Mount Zion Women’s Health, 2330 Post Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94143-1688, E-mail: brownj{at}obgyn.ucsf.edu

Objective: To determine the prevalence of stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence and associated risk factors in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Before enrollment in a 4-year, randomized trial of combination hormone therapy to prevent coronary heart disease, 2763 participants completed questionnaires on prevalence and type of incontinence. We measured factors potentially associated with incontinence including demographics, reproductive and medical histories, height, weight, and waist-to-hip circumference ratio. We used multivariate logistic models to determine independent associations between those factors and weekly incontinence by type.

Results: The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age of the participants was 67 ± 7 years; 89% were white and 8% were black. Fifty-six percent reported weekly incontinence. In multivariate analyses, the prevalence of weekly stress incontinence was higher in white than black women (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 5.1), in women with higher body-mass index (BMI) (OR 1.1 per 5 units, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3), and higher waist-to-hip ratio (OR 1.2 per 0.1 unit, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4). The prevalence of weekly urge incontinence was higher in older women (OR 1.2 per 5 years, 95% CI 1.1, 1.3), diabetic women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) and women who had reported two or more urinary tract infections in the prior year (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1, 3.6).

Conclusion: Stress and urge incontinence are common in postmenopausal women and have different risk factors, suggesting that approaches to risk-factor modification and prevention also might differ and should be specific to types of incontinence.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
W. J. Greer, H. E. Richter, A. A. Bartolucci, and K. L. Burgio
Obesity and Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review
Obstet. Gynecol., August 1, 2008; 112(2): 341 - 349.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
T. A. Shamliyan, R. L. Kane, J. Wyman, and T. J. Wilt
Systematic Review: Randomized, Controlled Trials of Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women
Ann Intern Med, March 18, 2008; 148(6): 459 - 473.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. E. Waetjen, W.-Y. Feng, J. Ye, W. O. Johnson, G. A. Greendale, C. M. Sampselle, B. Sternfield, S. D. Harlow, E. B. Gold, and for the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Factors Associated With Worsening and Improving Urinary Incontinence Across the Menopausal Transition
Obstet. Gynecol., March 1, 2008; 111(3): 667 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
D. H. Thom
Invited Commentary: The Contribution of the BACH Survey to the Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence
Am. J. Epidemiol., February 15, 2008; 167(4): 400 - 403.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
E. E. Moore, S. L. Jackson, E. J. Boyko, D. Scholes, and S. D. Fihn
Urinary Incontinence and Urinary Tract Infection: Temporal Relationships in Postmenopausal Women
Obstet. Gynecol., February 1, 2008; 111(2): 317 - 323.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
K. L. Burgio, H. E. Richter, R. H. Clements, D. T. Redden, and P. S. Goode
Changes in Urinary and Fecal Incontinence Symptoms With Weight Loss Surgery in Morbidly Obese Women
Obstet. Gynecol., November 1, 2007; 110(5): 1034 - 1040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
A. Gehrich, M. P. Stany, J. R. Fischer, J. Buller, and C. M. Zahn
Establishing a Mean Postvoid Residual Volume in Asymptomatic Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Obstet. Gynecol., October 1, 2007; 110(4): 827 - 832.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
L. E. Waetjen, S. Liao, W. O. Johnson, C. M. Sampselle, B. Sternfield, S. D. Harlow, E. B. Gold, and for the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Factors Associated with Prevalent and Incident Urinary Incontinence in a Cohort of Midlife Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2007; 165(3): 309 - 318.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
K. G.M. Moons
Questionnaire to Distinguish between Stress and Urge Urinary Incontinence
Ann Intern Med, December 19, 2006; 145(12): 934 - 935.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
E. S. Lukacz, J. M. Lawrence, R. Contreras, C. W. Nager, and K. M. Luber
Parity, mode of delivery, and pelvic floor disorders.
Obstet. Gynecol., June 1, 2006; 107(6): 1253 - 1260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
J. S. Brown, C. S. Bradley, L. L. Subak, H. E. Richter, S. R. Kraus, L. Brubaker, F. Lin, E. Vittinghoff, D. Grady, and for the Diagnostic Aspects of Incontinence Study (
The Sensitivity and Specificity of a Simple Test To Distinguish between Urge and Stress Urinary Incontinence
Ann Intern Med, May 16, 2006; 144(10): 715 - 723.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
J. S. Brown, R. Wing, E. Barrett-Connor, L. M. Nyberg, J. W. Kusek, T. J. Orchard, Y. Ma, E. Vittinghoff, A. M. Kanaya, and for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Lifestyle Intervention Is Associated With Lower Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence: The Diabetes Prevention Program
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2006; 29(2): 385 - 390.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Age AgeingHome page
C. W. McGrother, M. M. K. Donaldson, T. Hayward, R. Matthews, H. M. Dallosso, C. Hyde, and The Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Team
Urinary storage symptoms and comorbidities: a prospective population cohort study in middle-aged and older women
Age Ageing, January 1, 2006; 35(1): 16 - 24.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
H. E. Richter, K. L. Burgio, R. H. Clements, P. S. Goode, D. T. Redden, and R. E. Varner
Urinary and Anal Incontinence in Morbidly Obese Women Considering Weight Loss Surgery
Obstet. Gynecol., December 1, 2005; 106(6): 1272 - 1277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. L. Jackson, D. Scholes, E. J. Boyko, L. Abraham, and S. D. Fihn
Urinary Incontinence and Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1730 - 1738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
S. L. Hendrix, B. B. Cochrane, I. E. Nygaard, V. L. Handa, V. M. Barnabei, C. Iglesia, A. Aragaki, M. J. Naughton, R. B. Wallace, and S. G. McNeeley
Effects of Estrogen With and Without Progestin on Urinary Incontinence
JAMA, February 23, 2005; 293(8): 935 - 948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
J. S. Brown, H. Wessells, M. B. Chancellor, S. S. Howards, W. E. Stamm, A. E. Stapleton, W. D. Steers, S. K. Van Den Eeden, and K. T. McVary
Urologic Complications of Diabetes
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2005; 28(1): 177 - 185.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
Genitourinary Tract Changes
Obstet. Gynecol., October 1, 2004; 104(4_suppl): 56S - 61S.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
I. E. Nygaard and M. Heit
Stress Urinary Incontinence
Obstet. Gynecol., September 1, 2004; 104(3): 607 - 620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
R A. Jackson, E Vittinghoff, A M. Kanaya, T P. Miles, H E. Resnick, S B. Kritchevsky, E M. Simonsick, and J S. Brown
Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women: Findings From the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Obstet. Gynecol., August 1, 2004; 104(2): 301 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
J. M. Holroyd-Leduc and S. E. Straus
Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Scientific Review
JAMA, February 25, 2004; 291(8): 986 - 995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
F. Grodstein, K. Lifford, N. M. Resnick, and G. C. Curhan
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Developing Urinary Incontinence
Obstet. Gynecol., February 1, 2004; 103(2): 254 - 260.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. E. Waetjen, J. S. Brown, K. Modelska, T. Blackwell, E. Vittinghoff, and S. R. Cummings
Effect of Raloxifene on Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Obstet. Gynecol., February 1, 2004; 103(2): 261 - 266.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 BMJHome page
P. Herbison, J. Hay-Smith, G. Ellis, and K. Moore
Effectiveness of anticholinergic drugs compared with placebo in the treatment of overactive bladder: systematic review
BMJ, April 19, 2003; 326(7394): 841 - 844.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. E. Waetjen, L. L. Subak, H. Shen, F. Lin, T.-H. Wang, E. Vittinghoff, and J. S. Brown
Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgery in the United States
Obstet. Gynecol., April 1, 2003; 101(4): 671 - 676.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
I. Nygaard, C. Turvey, T. L. Burns, E. Crischilles, and R. Wallace
Urinary Incontinence and Depression in Middle-Aged United States Women
Obstet. Gynecol., January 1, 2003; 101(1): 149 - 156.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
V. M. Barnabei, D. Grady, D. W. Stovall, J. A. Cauley, F. Lin, C. A. Stuenkel, M. L. Stefanick, and J. H. Pickar
Menopausal Symptoms in Older Women and the Effects of Treatment With Hormone Therapy
Obstet. Gynecol., December 1, 2002; 100(6): 1209 - 1218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
G. M. Buchsbaum, M. Chin, C. Glantz, and D. Guzick
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Associated Risk Factors in a Cohort of Nuns
Obstet. Gynecol., August 1, 2002; 100(2): 226 - 229.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
J. S. Brown, E. Vittinghoff, A. M. Kanaya, S. K. Agarwal, S. Hulley, and B. Foxman
Urinary Tract Infections in Postmenopausal Women: Effect of Hormone Therapy and Risk Factors
Obstet. Gynecol., December 1, 2001; 98(6): 1045 - 1052.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. Wilson, J. S. Brown, G. P. Shin, K.-O. Luc, and L. L. Subak
Annual Direct Cost of Urinary Incontinence
Obstet. Gynecol., September 1, 2001; 98(3): 398 - 406.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
T. P. Miles, R. F. Palmer, D. V. Espino, C. P. Mouton, M. J. Lichtenstein, and K. S. Markides
New-Onset Incontinence and Markers of Frailty: Data From the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2001; 56(1): 19M - 24.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
D. HOWARD, P. S. DAVIES, J. O. L. DELANCEY, and Y. SMALL
Differences in Perineal Lacerations in Black and White Primiparas
Obstet. Gynecol., October 1, 2000; 96(4): 622 - 624.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. A. MOLLER, G. LOSE, and T. JORGENSEN
Risk Factors for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women 40 to 60 Years of Age
Obstet. Gynecol., September 1, 2000; 96(3): 446 - 451.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Obstet GynecolHome page
L. L. Wall, W. A. Grobman, A. M. Peaceman, and M. L. Socol
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTIVE CESAREAN DELIVERY AFTER ONE PRIOR LOW TRANSVERE CESAREAN
Obstet. Gynecol., September 1, 2000; 96(3): 482 - 482.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JWatch GeneralHome page
Risk Factors for Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women
Journal Watch (General), July 23, 1999; 1999(723): 4 - 4.
[Full Text]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 1999 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.