HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by IKENOUE, N. Articles by OKATANI, Y. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by IKENOUE, N. Articles by OKATANI, Y.

Small Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Women With Natural or Surgically Induced Menopause

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.

Address reprint requests to: Akihiko Wakatsuki, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Oko cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of the decrease in the size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in women with natural menopause and women with surgically induced menopause.

Methods: We measured plasma levels of total cholesterol; triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B; and sex hormones in 45 women; 15 women were premenopausal, 15 were naturally postmenopausal, and 15 were surgically menopausal. Li-poprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were measured in postheparin plasma. Concentrations of total cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B in LDL also were measured. Low-density lipoprotein particle diameter was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis.

Results: Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, LDL-total cholesterol, LDL-apolipoprotein B, and the activity of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase were significantly higher and concentrations of estrone and estradiol were significantly lower in the naturally postmenopausal and surgically menopausal women than in the premenopausal women. Plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II and postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride activity did not differ significantly between groups. The diameter of LDL particles was significantly reduced in the naturally (25.29 ± 0.19 nm) and surgically (25.29 ± 0.22 nm) menopausal women compared with the premenopausal women (25.88 ± 0.22 nm). Plasma triglyceride levels were negatively correlated with LDL particle diameter in all three groups (premenopausal group: r = -0.64, P < .01; naturally postmenopausal group: r = -0.62, P < .01; and surgically menopausal group: r = -0.76, P < .001). The prevalence of LDL subclass pattern B was significantly increased in the naturally (67%, P < .05) and surgically (60%, P < .05) menopausal women.

Conclusion: The plasma concentration of LDL particles was increased after menopause, whether natural or surgically induced. An increase in plasma triglyceride levels in women with low levels of endogenous estrogen appeared to cause the size of LDL particles to be reduced.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y.-M. Fan, P. Dastidar, H. Jokela, R. Punnonen, and T. Lehtimaki Hepatic Lipase C-480T Genotype-Dependent Benefit from Long-Term Hormone Replacement Therapy for Atherosclerosis Progression in Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3786 - 3792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wakatsuki, Y. Okatani, N. Ikenoue, K. Shinohara, K. Watanabe, and T. Fukaya Effect of Lower Dose of Oral Conjugated Equine Estrogen on Size and Oxidative Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, August 19, 2003; 108(7): 808 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. S. Deeb, A. Zambon, M. C. Carr, A. F. Ayyobi, and J. D. Brunzell Hepatic lipase and dyslipidemia: interactions among genetic variants, obesity, gender, and diet J. Lipid Res., July 1, 2003; 44(7): 1279 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wakatsuki, Y. Okatani, N. Ikenoue, and T. Fukaya Different Effects of Oral Conjugated Equine Estrogen and Transdermal Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Size and Oxidative Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, October 1, 2002; 106(14): 1771 - 1776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wakatsuki, Y. Ogawa, T. Saibara, Y. Okatani, and T. Fukaya Size and Oxidative Susceptibility of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Breast Cancer Patients with Tamoxifen-Induced Fatty Liver J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2002; 87(8): 3676 - 3681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wakatsuki, Y. Okatani, N. Ikenoue, and T. Fukaya Effect of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Estrogen Circulation, October 9, 2001; 104(15): 1773 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. Carr, J. E. Hokanson, A. Zambon, S. S. Deeb, P. H. R. Barrett, J. Q. Purnell, and J. D. Brunzell The Contribution of Intraabdominal Fat to Gender Differences in Hepatic Lipase Activity and Low/High Density Lipoprotein Heterogeneity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 2831 - 2837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Wakatsuki, N. Ikenoue, Y. Okatani, and T. Fukaya Estrogen-induced small low density lipoprotein particles may be atherogenic in postmenopausal women J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 425 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. WAKATSUKI, N. IKENOUE, Y. OKATANI, and C. IZUMIYA Lipid Transfer Reactions and Lipid Composition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particles in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Estrogen Obstet. Gynecol., October 1, 1999; 94(4): 492 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Guerci, H. Antebi, L. Meyer, V. Durlach, O. Ziegler, J.-P. Nicolas, L.-G. Alcindor, and P. Drouin Increased Ability of LDL from Normolipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Women to Generate Peroxides Clin. Chem., September 1, 1999; 45(9): 1439 - 1448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]