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Granulosa and Theca Cell Tumors

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.

Abstract

From 1955 through 1976, 82 of 9326 ovarian tumors (0.8%) seen at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center were functioning ovarian tumors. Thirty-nine were thecomas, 30 were granulosa cell tumors, and 2 were granulosa-theca cell tumors. This study is concerned only with these 71 feminizing gonadal stromal tumors. Except for 2 prepubertal patients, the mean age of patients for both tumors was 50–51 years. Three granulosa cell tumors were diagnosed during pregnancy. The mean menopausal age in patients with granulosa and theca cell tumors was similar to that in the female population. Postmenopausal bleeding and menstrual dysfunction were the major symptoms. A pelvic or abdominopelvic mass was palpable in more than 60% of the patients. Ninety percent of the tumors were unilateral. Two thecomas were associated with carcinoma in the contralateral ovary; 5 granulosa cell tumors were associated with carcinoma in the same ovary. Endometrial hyperplasia was more common in granulosa cell tumors (58%) than in thecomas (38%), while endometrial adenocarcinoma occurred only in 4% of both tumors. Malignancy/recurrence rate was 30% in granulosa cell tumor patients and none in our patients with thecomas. The literature is reviewed and discussed.