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Congenital Anomalies in Lead Poisoning

From the Department of Anatomy, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103

Abstract

The effects of lead on chick embryos were analyzed in the present study. Two-day-old embryos were given varying doses of lead acetate (0.005-0.080 mg/egg) and were examined on day 8 of incubation. The LD, was 0.030 nig/egg. The principal malformations observed were: reduced body size, micromelia and twisted limbs, shortened and twisted neck, shortened beak, microplithalmia, ruptured brain and everted viscera. The must common developmental anomalies were retarded growth and neck abnormalities. A positive dose-response relationship was observed. The rate at which malformations develuped increased with increasing doses of lead. The incidence of gross abnormalities among the controls was very low. The results of this study reveal that lead is teratogenic to chick cmbryogenesis.