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Obstetrics & Gynecology 1969;34:853-858
© 1969 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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Crossed Versus Divergent Obstetric Forceps

A Comparative Study of the Forces of Compression and Traction

LEONARD E. LAUFE, MD, FACOG

From the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Abstract

Crossed and divergent forceps have been compared for maximal and total forces of traction and compression. Records of 50 cases have been analyzed as to the relationship of these forces to parity and average infant weight. The divergent forceps demonstrates about a 20% reduction in maximal compression compared to maximal traction as opposed to crossed forceps. When the analysis includes the ratio of total compression to traction, however; divergent forceps provide significant reduction in the force of compression to the fetal head. For nulliparas this is 33% and for primiparas almost 50%.






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Copyright © 1969 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.