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ORIGINAL RESEARCH |
From the Institutes of Endocrinology and Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2nd University of Naples, Naples, Italy; and The Ernest Cooke Microvascular Unit, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Address reprint requests to: Giovanni Amato, MD, Via Orsi 33, 80128 Napoli, Italy.; E-mail: giovanni.amato{at}unina2.it.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum and intrafollicular tumor necrosis factor–
and interleukin-6 concentrations in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF).
METHODS: Thirty-one patients with PCOS undergoing IVF were studied. Thirty-nine normally ovulating women matched for age and body mass index and undergoing IVF for male infertility were the control group. Serum tumor necrosis factor–, interleukin-6, and estradiol levels were assayed before recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation under gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue suppression and 34–36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration at the time of the oocyte retrieval. Cytokine and estradiol concentrations were also evaluated in the follicular fluids obtained at the time of oocyte retrieval.
RESULTS: The patients with PCOS had higher serum and follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor– and interleukin-6 concentrations (P < .001) and lower follicular fluid estradiol levels (P < .05) than control women. In both groups, the serum tumor necrosis factor–, interleukin-6, and estradiol values increased significantly after hCG stimulation. In both groups, the follicular fluid cytokine concentrations were higher than those found in the serum. In the PCOS women the follicular fluid tumor necrosis factor– values were significantly and inversely correlated to the follicular fluid estradiol values (
= -0.79; P < .001); this correlation was not found in the control subjects.
CONCLUSION: In infertile women with PCOS, 1) serum and follicular fluid interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor– values were higher than those found in control women, 2) the cytokine concentrations were higher in the follicular fluid than in the serum, and 3) the intrafollicular tumor necrosis factor– concentrations were significantly and inversely correlated to the estradiol levels. These results suggest an involvement of the immune system in PCOS.
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