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Leptin as an Acute Stress-Related Hormone in the Fetoplacental Circulation

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwasa Hospital, Gifu City, Japan.

Address reprint requests to: Yuichiro Takahashi, MD, PhD, Gifu University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsukasamachi-40, Gifu City, 500-8705, Japan; E-mail: y-taka{at}cc.gifu-u.ac.jp.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between fetoplacental leptin secretion and blood gases.

METHODS: We measured the levels of umbilical arterial and venous leptin, umbilical cord gas, umbilical venous blood glucose, and estradiol-17ß (E2) in 89 pregnant women. Correlation between the leptin levels and other variables (gestational age, birth weight, maternal body weight, height, body mass index, maternal body weight gain, placental weight, umbilical cord gas data, and levels of umbilical venous blood glucose and E2) were examined statistically.

RESULTS: Umbilical arterial and venous leptin levels were 7.64 ± 12.76 and 7.76 ± 13.17 (ng/mL), respectively, correlating positively with carbon dioxide pressure levels (r = 0.446, P < .001; r = 0.406, P < .001, respectively) and correlating inversely with pH (r = -0.337, P =.001; r = -0.247, P = .019, respectively). Umbilical venous glucose, E2, and other factors did not correlate with leptin levels.

CONCLUSION: Leptin secretion into the fetoplacental circulation may be associated with fetal hypercapnia, suggesting two important roles for leptin: one for basal control of fetal fat tissue and one as an acute stress-related hormone.

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